There is no single answer, but a little observation goes a long way toward a happy, well-exercised dog.
It depends on the dog
Breed, age, size and health all matter. Many healthy adult dogs do well with roughly 30 minutes to two hours of activity a day. Very active working breeds may need more, while seniors and flat-faced breeds may need less.
Mix body and brain
Mental exercise tires dogs out too.
- Daily walks with plenty of time to sniff
- Fetch, tug or flirt-pole play
- Short training sessions of five to ten minutes
- Food puzzles and snuffle mats
- Playdates with dogs they get along with
Puppies and seniors
Puppies need short, frequent play sessions and lots of naps while their bodies develop. Senior dogs often prefer shorter, gentler walks and benefit from low-impact activity.
Stay safe in heat and cold
Test pavement with the back of your hand. If you cannot comfortably hold it there for five seconds, it is too hot for paws. Walk in the cool morning or evening, bring water and watch for heavy panting, drooling or weakness.
Too little or too much?
Chewing, barking and restlessness can mean extra energy. Limping, lagging behind or stiffness after exercise may mean it is time to slow down and call your vet.